Templates for presentations on the geography of the coal industry. Presentation "coal industry". Importance of the Coal Industry

Coal industry -

fuel industry branch,

including mining and processing

brown and hard coal.

Main pool
Reserves 725 billion tons
Disadvantage

The basin is located in the European part of Russia, on the western slope of the Polar Urals, in the Komi Republic and the Nenets National District of the Arkhangelsk Region.

Coal is mined using expensive underground methods.

The coal basin is located on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and partly in the Kemerovo and Irkutsk regions.

Has the most significant energy reserves brown coal, mined by open pit mining.

North Ossetia-Alania

Brown coal -

Coal

Anthracite -

Solid fossil coal,

formed from peat.

Has a low

heat of combustion.

It is formed from coal when pressure and temperature increase at depths of about 6 km.
Has the greatest

heat of combustion.

in metallurgy

(blast furnace and power coke),

in the chemical industry(resins, gases, acetylene, alcohol, acids, plastics, varnishes, medicines, etc.),

in energy

(fuel)

The coal industry of the Russian Federation is a complex of industries for the extraction, enrichment and processing of coal

METHODS OF EXTRACTION

Coal, along with oil and natural gas - unique wealth of Russia, which can serve both us and our grandchildren, even great-grandchildren, since coal reserves in Russia are higher than oil reserves according to the estimated exploitation periods.

With an innovative approach, the development of Russian coal resources can enrich our country many times over.

This presentation can be used when studying the topic "Russian Coal Industry"

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"Presentation "Coal Industry""

Presentation on geography. Completed by Lyudmila Ivanovna Zayarnaya, geography teacher

MOBU Kerch RK secondary school No. 1IM. V. Dubinina

Coal industry – is an industry that mines, transports and processes coal.

Importance of the Coal Industry

Coal

Fuel

Raw materials for the chemical industry

Ferrous metallurgy

Electric power industry

Fossil coals are assessed according to three parameters:

carbon content in coal
by content of combustible component (calorific value)
the amount of ash-forming substances, moisture content, sulfur and other elements

Coal

Coal It has a high calorific value and low ash content.

Anthracite - top quality coal.

Coke – coal that reduces iron

Brown coal

has low calorific value, high ash content

Extraction methods coal

Underground

Open

Underground gasification

Hydraulic

The most productive and cheapest method of coal mining is open-pit (in open-pit mines or quarries).

Underground mining method

Mine

MINING MINE, a combined machine that destroys rock masses and loads them into vehicles .

Mining machine: 1 - loading table; 2 - milling crown; 3 - arrow-shaped executive body; 4 - loader; 5 - chassis.

At coal gasification you can get carbon monoxide with hydrogen, pure hydrogen, gases - reducing agents for metallurgy, hydrocarbon gases

Underground gasification

1 - sulfur layer; 2 - zone of molten sulfur; 3 - combustion zone; 4 - burnt out area; 5 - roof of the deposit; 6 - base of the deposit; 7 - blow well; 8 - gas pipeline well.

Transportation

Enrichment

Consumer

During enrichment, dumps of “waste rock” are formed

waste heap

Burning waste heap

Burning waste heap

Kuznetsk basin (Kuzbass)

Located in the Kemerovo region. Discovered in 1721. Reserves up to a depth of 600 m 114.3 billion tons. 120 working layers. Mining by open and underground methods. Production centers are the cities of Kemerovo, Novokuznetsk, Leninsk-Kuznetsky, Prokopyevsk

Pechora basin

Located in the Komi Republic and Nenets A. O. Industrial development since 1934. Total geological reserves and resources 265 billion tons, 250 coal seams. The main production centers are the cities of Vorkuta and Inta.

Kansk-Achinsk basin

Located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, partly in the Kemerovo and Irkutsk regions. Development since 1905. 15 seams. Industrial centers - Krasnoyarsk, Kansk, Achinsk, Sharypovo.

The economic assessment of the deposit takes into account:

Fuel reserves
Fuel quality
Mining conditions
Development of the territory
Proximity of the consumer

A little about coal The coal industry is an important part of the fuel and energy complex. ¾ of coal is used in industry, at thermal power plants as fuel, as well as technological raw materials and fuel in metallurgy and the chemical industry (coking coals). The coal industry is an important part of the fuel and energy complex. ¾ of coal is used in industry, at thermal power plants as fuel, as well as technological raw materials and fuel in metallurgy and the chemical industry (coking coals).

Coal is used Not only as a household, energy fuel, but also: Not only as a household, energy fuel, but also: - for purification from various impurities and compounds - for purification from various impurities and compounds - in medicine - in medicine - coking coal is used for smelting cast iron - coking coal is used for smelting cast iron - for producing graphite - for producing graphite - is a raw material for the metallurgical and chemical industry - is a raw material for the metallurgical and chemical industry

Coal reserves A third of the world's coal resources and a fifth of explored reserves are concentrated in the depths of Russia. Of these, 70% are brown coal reserves. A third of the world's coal resources and a fifth of explored reserves are concentrated in the depths of Russia. Of these, 70% are brown coal reserves.

Geographical location Russian coal deposits are quite accessible and their development using modern technologies has practically no restrictions. At the same time, in Russia there is high-quality thermal coal, including in terms of environmental characteristics. Russian coal deposits are quite accessible and their development using modern technologies has practically no restrictions. At the same time, Russia has high-quality thermal coal, including in terms of environmental characteristics

Mining The coal industry includes the mining and processing of brown and hard coal. The coal industry includes the mining and processing of brown and hard coal. Coal production in Russia is growing, but the quality of coal is decreasing Coal production in Russia is growing, but the quality of coal is decreasing

Russia in the world market Russia is the largest coal power and one of the world leaders in the production and trade of coal. Russia is the largest coal power and one of the world leaders in the production and trade of coal. Russian coal is exported to China, Japan, Turkey, South Korea, Germany and other European countries, including England. Russian coal is exported to China, Japan, Turkey, South Korea, Germany and other European countries, including England.

Coal industry of Russia in the 21st century At the moment, the ratio of prices for gas and coal in the country is distorted - it averages 1:1.5, i.e. Gas turns out to be cheaper than coal. At the moment, the ratio of gas and coal prices in the country is distorted - it averages 1:1.5, i.e. Gas turns out to be cheaper than coal. The transition to a gas-coal energy sector is currently objectively natural. Therefore, the 21st century is the century of coal and gas. The transition to a gas-coal energy sector is currently objectively natural. Therefore, the 21st century is the century of coal and gas.

Problems Currently, there are 5 main problems: Currently, there are 5 main problems: -Problems in the development of mining industrial complexes -Problems in the development of mining industrial complexes -Fuel conservation -Fuel conservation -Environmental pollution -Environmental pollution -Injuries in the industry -Injuries in the industry - Operation of mines - Operation of mines - Transportation problem - Transportation problem

Problems of development of mining industrial complexes Accidents at mining and non-metallic industry sites are increasing due to an increase in the number of accidents during the operation of heavy dump trucks in quarries. The accident rate at mining and non-metallic industry sites is increasing due to an increase in the number of accidents during the operation of heavy dump trucks in quarries. As production volumes have increased, accidents and fatal injuries have increased in the mining industry. As production volumes have increased, accidents and fatal injuries have increased in the mining industry.

Injuries in the industry Among the main reasons for the increase in the number of accidents and fatal injuries remain the low level of engineering culture of production, violations of safety rules when transporting explosive materials, weak labor and technological discipline, lack of in-depth analysis of the causes of investigated cases of injuries and accidents, the use of simplified, formal measures for the results of the investigations carried out. Among the main reasons for the increase in the number of accidents and fatal injuries are the low level of engineering culture of production, violations of safety rules when transporting explosive materials, weak labor and technological discipline, lack of in-depth analysis of the causes of investigated cases of injuries and accidents, the use of simplified, formal measures based on the results of investigations. .

Environmental pollution The negative impacts of mining operations on the natural environment are especially significant with open-pit coal mining. More than 60% of Russian coal mines are explosive (gas and coal dust), and spontaneous combustion of coal is possible in almost 50%. The negative impacts of mining operations on the natural environment are especially significant with open-pit coal mining. More than 60% of Russian coal mines are explosive (gas and coal dust), and spontaneous combustion of coal is possible in almost 50%.

Operation of mines As any coal mining enterprise operates, mining operations move more and more into the depths of the earth's bowels. These unfavorable changes are especially noticeable in individual parts of the mine, which become “bottlenecks” in the operation of the enterprise. As a result, the mine's production capacity is gradually decreasing, and its economic indicators are deteriorating. As any coal mining enterprise operates, mining operations move increasingly deeper into the earth's bowels. These unfavorable changes are especially noticeable in individual parts of the mine, which become “bottlenecks” in the operation of the enterprise. As a result, the mine's production capacity is gradually decreasing, and its economic indicators are deteriorating.

Transportation problem Transportation of coal by rail is becoming more and more expensive. Railroad tariffs change in unpredictable ways, and coal reserves are located far from major consumers both within Russia and abroad. The most profitable fields (Kuznetskoye and Kansko-Achinskoye) are located at a distance of more than 3 thousand km from the nearest ports. Transporting coal by rail is becoming increasingly expensive. Railroad tariffs change in unpredictable ways, and coal reserves are located far from major consumers both within Russia and abroad. The most profitable fields (Kuznetskoye and Kansko-Achinskoye) are located at a distance of more than 3 thousand km from the nearest ports.

COAL INDUSTRY IN RUSSIA Coal is a type of fossil fuel formed from parts of ancient plants underground without access to oxygen. The coal industry is engaged in the extraction and primary processing (enrichment) of hard and brown coal and is the largest branch of the fuel industry in terms of the number of workers and the cost of production fixed assets.

The mine operates on average for about 40 years. Coal is mined in layers, each layer is removed for about 10 years, after which the horizon is reconstructed and the next, deeper layer is mined. The reconstruction process is required to ensure the environmental safety of the environment and the people working in the mines. To maintain production levels, it is necessary to constantly build new mines. Every year, 5 to 7 depleted enterprises leave the industry.

A processing plant is an enterprise for processing coal. It first sorts the coal according to the size of the pieces, and then enriches it, reduces the content of mineral impurities and waste rocks, and then sends the coal to the consumer. In terms of coal production, Russia ranks fifth in the world (after China, the USA, India and Australia)

Coal basins of Russia Kuznetsk basin (Western Siberia, Kemerovo region); Kansk-Achinsk basin (Southern Siberia, Krasnoyarsk Territory); Pechora basin (the largest in the European part, Arctic); Donetsk basin (Rostov region); Irkutsk - Cheremkhovo basin (Irkutsk region); South Yakut basin (Far East) The distribution of coal throughout the country is extremely uneven. 95% of reserves are in the eastern regions, of which more than 60% are in Siberia. The bulk of general geological coal reserves are concentrated in the Tunguska and Lena basins. The Kansk-Achinsk and Kuznetsk basins are distinguished by industrial coal reserves.

Consequences of the coal industry The natural landscape, soil cover, and along with it flora and fauna are destroyed (due to the formation of quarries and dumps). Plowing of land, logging, fires, construction of access roads and roads negatively affect the environment. Coal processing pollutes surface waters and the atmosphere. As a result, not a single river within the Kuznetsk Basin is suitable for drinking (ecological deterioration in the Kemerovo region)

Social problems (the standard of living of the population is extremely low) Problems of the coal industry A sharp increase in transport prices For many areas, coal is prohibitively expensive Most coal mines and quarries need technical re-equipment

Geography teacher of MKOU "Akimovskaya Secondary School"

Koroleva I.V. 02/13/2015

Create conditions for studying the coal industry.
The importance of the industry for economic development
Development of the industry at the present stage
Develop concepts about methods of coal mining and the location of deposits
Characteristics of one of the coal basins (optional)

General characteristics of the coal industry

Russia is one of the world leaders in coal production.

More than a third of the world's coal reserves are concentrated in Russia, of which about 70% is brown coal and a fifth of proven reserves are 193.3 billion tons. Of these, 101.2 billion tons are brown coal, 85.3 billion tons. hard coal (including 39.8 billion tons of coking coal) and 6.8 billion tons of anthracite. Coal basins, at the same time, are very accessible, and their development in combination with the use of modern technologies is not difficult in any way.

The industrial reserves of operating enterprises amount to almost 19 billion tons, including coking coal - about 4 billion tons. The Russian Federation ranks second in reserves and fifth in terms of coal production (more than 320 million tons per year). At the current level of coal production, its reserves will last for more than 550 years.

A new longwall with reserves of about a million tons of coal was launched at the Vorgashorskaya mine

As a result of the neglect of the entire mining industry, the aging of the mine stock, the decline in labor and technological discipline and the high accident rate, labor productivity at coal enterprises began to decline sharply. At the beginning of 1993, at the mines it corresponded to the level of 1954, at the open pits - to 1956. The problems of coal industry enterprises were aggravated by the extremely technically imperfect state of the social infrastructure of mining towns and villages. Most of these facilities were in urgent need of repair and reconstruction.
Thus, production, technical, environmental and socio-economic problems have sharply worsened in the coal industry, and it has found itself in the grip of a systemic socio-economic and organizational and managerial crisis.

Methane explosions occurred at the Raspadskaya coal mine in the Kemerovo region

In order to bring the coal industry out of the systemic crisis and adapt it to market competition with other fuel resources, it was considered necessary to begin deep structural sectoral and intersectoral transformations, that is, to carry out industry restructuring. The following were adopted as the fundamental principles for restructuring the Russian coal industry:
Russia must remain among the leading coal-producing countries in the world;
the importance of Russia's gigantic coal resources (more than 5 trillion tons) in the fuel and energy balances of our country, neighboring countries and, probably, far abroad should increase as the world's oil and gas reserves, whose geological resources are significantly smaller than coal ones, are depleted;
volumes of coal production, in the country as a whole and in its coal-producing regions, should be determined by the level of market demand and trends in its change in the domestic and world energy markets;
increasing the competitiveness of coal should be ensured mainly by reducing production costs for its extraction and enrichment, as well as involving in the development of the most favorable coal deposits and the use of new technologies.

prospects for the development of the coal industry

Prospects for the development of the coal industry in Russia are associated with the integration of coal production and energy, which will make it possible to create modern energy facilities based on mines. Development should take place along the path of converting existing mines with electric power generators to generate energy. It is also possible to re-equip the processing plant for the production of synthetic motor fuel.

It is expected that in the coming years Russia will not be threatened by a coal shortage, and the balance of supply and demand in the market will be maintained. However, domestic prices for coking coal may increase significantly in the near future.

using atlas maps, textbook text, and statistical materials, characterize one of the coal basins according to the following plan:
Location
Extraction method
Depth and thickness of layers
Calorific value of coal
Reserves, production, resource availability
Problems and development prospects